Powdery Mildew

White, threadlike fungal mycelia give NEW leaves and shoots a powdery appearance. Later, light brown to orange pinhead-sized specks form within the mass of white growth. These tiny dots mature and turn black. These black structures are the overwintering stage.

Leafrollers

Boxelder Leafroller - Adults are ½ inch tan moths; larvae are 1/4 to 3/4 inch, green caterpillars with a dark head. There is one generation per year. Food preferences: Boxelder Fruittree Leafroller - Adults are 1/2 to 3/4 inch moths with a mottled, rusty-brown pattern; larvae are 1/4 to 3/4 inch, pale-green caterpillars with a black head. There is one generation per year. Food preferences: Apple, pear, plum, cherry, raspberry, currant, ash, boxelder, elm, linden, poplar, willow, locust, rose, and oak. Oblique-banded Leafroller - Adults are 3/4 to 1 inch moths with a tan to brown band; larvae are 1/4 - 1 inch, green caterpillars with brown heads. There are two generations per year. Food preferences: Fruit trees and ornamental trees and shrubs.

Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid

On spruce, distinctive pine-cone-shaped galls develop on new growth. Greenish-gray aphids, covered with a fine powder of wax, are found within the chambers of the gall. White, woolly aphids are found on douglas-fir and spruce buds in the spring. When infestations occur on developing needles, symptoms may include yellowing and twisting of needles, and sooty mold from the honeydew that the insects secrete.

Aphids

Very small (1/10 to 1/8 inch long), pear-shaped, soft-bodied insects ranging in color from light green through dark green, and pinkish to black. Aphids cluster on stems and/or undersides of leaves and produce "honeydew", a sugary protein mixture which is fed upon by ants and many of the aphids' natural enemies. Aphids move very slowly, if at all, and often appear to be attached to the plant surface by their sucking mouthparts. Young aphids, or nymphs, are wingless. Adults can be winged or wingless, depending on the species, environment, and time of season. There are many different kinds of aphids, most of which are specific to particular species, or genera, of plants. However, there are some aphids that attack many species of plants. Different species of aphids are often present at different times of the season.

Fireblight

Blossoms first appear water-soaked, then black and shriveled. Blighted twigs curl to form a characteristic "shepherd's crook". Leaves quickly die, blacken, and remain attached to the limb. Infected fruit is shriveled and dried. As the disease progresses, it affects older, larger limbs. Cankers are usually discolored, sunken, and defined by a narrow, raised margin. Amber-colored ooze is usually present at infected buds, twigs, and cankers.

Codling Moth

Adults are 1/2 to 3/4 inch gray moths with a dark band. Larvae are cream colored, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long caterpillars with dark heads.

Cedar Apple Rust

Orange leaf spots, defoliation and fruit and twig deformities. Juniper infections appear as swellings on deciduous host or galls on twigs, these form gelatinous orange fruiting bodies in the spring.

Leaf Rusts

Cedar Apple Rust

Orange leaf spots, defoliation and fruit and twig deformities. Juniper infections appear as swellings on deciduous host or galls on twigs, these form gelatinous orange fruiting bodies in the spring.

Leaf Rusts

Peach Leaf Curl

New spring leaves are thickened, curled, and red or yellow in color. Severely infected shoots die. Infected leaves fall prematurely. Blossoms may shrivel and drop.

Leaf Rusts

Leafhoppers

There are many different types of leafhoppers. Adults are generally tiny, winged, pale green to whitish insects (1/8 inch long). They fly up from underneath leaves when disturbed and are sometimes mistaken for whiteflies. Nymphs are wingless, 1/8 inch, pale green to whitish and resemble fat aphids. Several generations occur per season and populations can build to be quite high on some plants later in the growing season.

Leafminers

Larval leafminers burrow underneath leaf surfaces leaving a visible trail as they eat their way through the leaf. Leafminers can be flies, wasps, moths, or sawflies. Leaves damaged by leafminers have a distinct top and bottom leaf surface that can be pulled apart at the tan-colored blotch or serpentine trail. Inside trails or blotches, you will find a larva or the black, sawdusty leafminer droppings.

Black Knot

The fungus forms long, irregularly-shaped, black galls along branches and twigs and rough, black, sunken cankers on stems. Tips of infected branches often die back. Severe infections can kill whole limbs, and the tree may be stunted.

Cutworms

There are many species of cutworms. The larvae of most are 1- 1/4 to 1- 3/4 inches long; adults are gray/brown moths.

Western Spruce Budworm

The larvae have olive brown to reddish brown bodies with brownish heads. They have prominent, ivory-colored, paired spots on each body segment. They range in size from 1 to 1-1/2 inches long at maturity. The adults are highly variable in color from mottled med-dark brown to orange forewings and tan hind wings, their wingspan is about 1 inch.

Western Raspberry Fruitworm

Adults are small brown oblong beetles ¼ to ½ inch long. The adults cause characteristic slits in the leaves from their feeding and destroy developing buds. The larvae feed within the blossoms and inside developing fruit.

Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers are some of the most familiar of all insects, and more than 550 species occur in North America. Grasshoppers damage plants by chewing. Most feeding occurs on foliage, although immature pods and fruit may also be eaten. Bark from twigs is sometimes gnawed, causing girdling wounds.